THE IMPACT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT POLICY IMPLEMENTATION ON GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION REDUCTION IN BRICS COUNTRIES

Abstract

This study examines the impact of sustainable development policies on greenhouse gas emission reduction in BRICS countries over the period 2010–2023. The research aims to assess both short-run and long-run effects of sustainable development policies on emissions while accounting for economic and energy-related factors. The Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (Panel ARDL) approach is employed to capture dynamic relationships and adjustment mechanisms toward long-run equilibrium. The findings reveal that the sustainable development policy index and the share of renewable energy exert a negative and statistically significant effect on emissions in both the short and long run. In contrast, higher energy intensity and economic growth are associated with increased emissions, particularly over the long term. The negative and significant Error Correction Term indicates a rapid adjustment process toward long-run equilibrium following short-run shocks. Overall, the results provide robust empirical evidence that sustainable development policies especially those promoting renewable energy expansion and energy efficiency are effective instruments for reducing emissions while maintaining economic stability in BRICS economies.